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Branch of Biophysics focused on the nervous system.

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[[fMRI]]

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Neurophysics, a branch of neuroscience, involves the application of principles and methods from physics to study and understand the nervous system. It encompasses various sub-disciplines that focus on different aspects of neural function, from the level of individual neurons to the complexities of brain systems. Here's a comprehensive list of various branches and topics within neurophysics:

1. Neural Electrophysiology¶

Ion Channels and Neuronal Excitability
Action Potential Dynamics
Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity
Neural Oscillations and Rhythms
Patch-Clamp and Electrophysiological Recording Techniques

2. Neural Imaging and Optics¶

Optical Imaging Techniques (e.g., Two-Photon Microscopy)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Calcium Imaging

3. Computational Neuroscience ¶

Neural Network Models
Computational Modeling of Neural Systems
Neural Coding and Information Processing
Simulations of Neural Activity

4. Neurodynamics¶

Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience
Nonlinear Dynamics of Neuronal Activity
Chaotic Dynamics in Neural Systems
Neuronal Synchronization

5. Biomechanics of Neurons¶

Neuronal Growth and Morphology
Axonal Transport Dynamics
Biomechanical Properties of Neurons

6. Neurochemistry and Biophysics¶

Neurotransmitter Dynamics
Membrane Biophysics
Signal Transduction Pathways
Molecular Motors and Cytoskeleton Dynamics

7. Quantum Neurophysics¶

Quantum Mechanics in Neural Processes
Quantum Models of Consciousness
Quantum Information Theory in Neural Systems

8. Sensory Neurophysics¶

Visual System Biophysics
Auditory System Physics
Mechanisms of Sensory Transduction
Sensory Signal Processing

9. Brain Networks and Connectivity¶

Structural and Functional Connectivity
Network Analysis in Neuroscience
Graph Theoretical Approaches to Brain Networks

10. Neurophotonics¶

Photostimulation Techniques (e.g., Optogenetics)
Photoacoustic Imaging
Light-Matter Interactions in Neural Tissue

11. Molecular and Cellular Neurophysics¶

Single-Molecule Studies in Neurons
Ion Channel Physics
Subcellular Dynamics

12. Cognitive Neurophysics¶

Physics of Cognitive Processes
Neural Basis of Perception and Decision-Making
Brain-Computer Interface Systems

13. Neurovascular Physics¶

Blood Flow Dynamics in the Brain
Neurovascular Coupling
Hemodynamics in Neural Activity

14. Clinical Neurophysics¶

Physics Principles in Neurological Diagnostics
Neuromodulation Techniques (e.g., TMS, DBS)
Neuroprosthetics and Neural Engineering

15. Developmental Neurophysics¶

Physics of Neural Development
Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis
Axonal Guidance and Neural Circuit Formation

Neurophysics integrates methods from physics to explore and understand the functioning of the nervous system at various scales, from molecular interactions to the behavior of neural networks. It is a rapidly evolving field, contributing significantly to advancements in neuroscience, neural engineering, and related medical technologies.

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