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Study of language.

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Linguistics, the scientific study of language, encompasses a vast array of sub-disciplines that explore various aspects of languages. Here is a comprehensive list of the branches and subfields within linguistics:

1. Theoretical linguistics ¶

Phonetics (Study of Speech Sounds)
Phonology (Study of Sound Systems)
Morphology (Study of Word Formation)
Syntax (Study of Sentence Structure)
Semantics (Study of Meaning)
Pragmatics (Study of Language Use in Context)

2. Applied Linguistics¶

Language Education
Second Language Acquisition
Language Assessment and Testing
Language Policy and Planning
Forensic Linguistics
Translation and Interpretation
Computational Linguistics
Language Technology

3. Sociolinguistics¶

Language Variation and Change
Dialectology (Study of Dialects)
Sociophonetics
Language and Identity
Language and Gender
Language and Society
Language Contact
Bilingualism and Multilingualism

4. Psycholinguistics¶

Language Acquisition
Language Processing
Neurolinguistics (Brain and Language)
Speech Perception and Production
Cognitive Linguistics
Language Disorders

5. Historical Linguistics¶

Language Change and Evolution
Comparative Linguistics
Historical Syntax
Etymology
Indo-European Studies
Language Family Studies

6. Descriptive Linguistics¶

Field Linguistics
Documentary Linguistics
Corpus Linguistics
Dialectology
Typology (Study of Language Types)
Language Description and Documentation

7. Computational Linguistics¶

Natural Language Processing
Computational Semantics
Speech Recognition and Synthesis
Information Retrieval
Machine Translation
Corpus Analysis

8. Structural Linguistics¶

Phonemics
Structural Grammar
Tagmemics
Morphemics

9. Formal Linguistics¶

Formal Semantics
Formal Syntax
Model-Theoretic Linguistics
Generative Grammar

10. Anthropological Linguistics¶

Ethnolinguistics (Language and Culture)
Language and Cognition
Language and Thought
Linguistic Anthropology

11. Geolinguistics¶

Language Geography
Linguistic Landscape

12. Text and Discourse Analysis¶

Conversation Analysis
Critical Discourse Analysis
Text Linguistics
Rhetoric and Stylistics

13. Sign Linguistics¶

Sign Language Studies
Sign Language Phonology, Syntax, and Semantics

14. Clinical Linguistics¶

Speech Pathology
Language Pathology
Communication Disorders

15. Ecological Linguistics¶

Language Ecology
Language Endangerment and Revitalization

16. Philosophical Linguistics¶

Philosophy of Language
Linguistic Relativity

17. Interdisciplinary Linguistics¶

BioLinguistics
Quantum Linguistics
Legal Linguistics

18. Areal Linguistics¶

Study of Linguistic Features by Geographical Areas

19. Language Philosophy¶

Study of Linguistic Theories and Philosophies

Linguistics is an incredibly diverse and dynamic field, constantly evolving with new discoveries and technologies, and it intersects with numerous other disciplines, enriching our understanding of language in a variety of contexts.

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