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Epistemology, one of the core areas of philosophy, is concerned with the nature, scope, and validity of knowledge. It deals with questions about what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and how we can be sure about what we know. Here's a comprehensive list of various branches and sub-disciplines within epistemology:

1. Theories of Knowledge¶

Empiricism
Rationalism
Constructivism
Pragmatism
Infinitism
Foundationalism
Coherentism
Reliabilism
Contextualism
Externalism and Internalism

2. Sources of Knowledge¶

Perception
Reason and Rationality
Intuition
Testimony
Memory
Conscious Experience
Innate Knowledge

3. Skepticism¶

Global Skepticism
Local Skepticism
Cartesian Skepticism
Pyrrhonian Skepticism
Skepticism about the External World
Moral Skepticism
Religious Skepticism

4. The Nature of Knowledge¶

Propositional Knowledge (Knowledge That)
Non-Propositional Knowledge (Knowledge How, Knowledge By Acquaintance)
The Gettier Problem
Analysis of Knowledge
Truth Theories (Correspondence, Coherence, Pragmatic)
Belief Theories

5. Epistemic Justification¶

Internalist Theories
Externalist Theories
Justified True Belief
Evidentialism
Virtue Epistemology
Bayesian Epistemology

Collective Knowledge
Social Construction of Knowledge
Testimonial Knowledge
Epistemic Injustice
Feminist Epistemology
Peer Disagreement
Distributed Cognition

7. Epistemology of Science ¶

Scientific Method
Confirmation and Falsification
Theoretical Virtues
Scientific Realism and Anti-Realism
Models and Simulations
Paradigms and Scientific Revolutions

8. Epistemology of Religion¶

Faith and Reason
Revelation
Religious Experience
Miracles
Divine Hiddenness

9. Epistemology of Ethics¶

Moral Knowledge
Moral Intuitionism
Ethical Naturalism and Non-Naturalism
Metaethical Skepticism

10. Epistemology of Logic and Mathematics¶

A Priori Knowledge
Necessity and Analyticity
Mathematical Platonism
Intuitionism in Mathematics

11. Epistemology of Perception¶

Direct and Indirect Realism
Phenomenalism
Sense-Data Theory
Disjunctivism

12. Epistemology in the Context of Artificial Intelligence¶

Knowledge Representation
Machine Learning and Epistemic Status
Computational Epistemology

13. Metacognition and Self-Knowledge¶

Introspection
Metacognitive Knowledge
Self-Deception
Epistemic Virtues and Vices

14. Epistemology of History¶

Historical Knowledge
Narrative and Explanation in History
Historical Relativism

15. Epistemology of Language ¶

Meaning and Understanding
Linguistic Turn in Epistemology
Semantics and Pragmatics

Epistemology is a constantly evolving field, with new theories and debates emerging in response to changing intellectual landscapes. It intersects with many other areas of philosophy and is fundamental in shaping our understanding of knowledge in various domains.

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